The Probate Process--What Happens
The probate court handles the administration of the estates of persons who die.  
The probate court also handles guardianships and conservatorships.  
In a probate proceeding, the court oversees the process of identifying the
deceased person's property, paying any debts, identifying the proper heirs, and
distributing the property to the appropriate heirs or beneficiaries. Most of the
actual work is done by an personal representative or executor with the
assistance of an attorney and sometimes an an appraiser and accountant.

Not all of a deceased person's property is subject to the probate process. Life
insurance, retirement accounts, and "joint tenancy" property all pass directly to
the appropriate beneficiary automatically, without any court involvement.  

Probate provides court supervision to make sure a deceased person's property
is accounted for and distributed to the proper beneficiaries.

Once the probate "creditor's claim period" expires (typically four months after
the personal representative or executor is appointed) it is very difficult for
creditors or others to claim any interest in the estate.  

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